Inkoni z'ikawa, nk'igicuruzwa c'ikawa ciza, zirakundwa cane mu buzima bw'ubu bwihuta-kubera kamere zazo zo kunywa ubwo nyene-. Ivyo bikoresho birimwo intambwe nyinshi, harimwo no gusuzuma ibikoresho vya mbere, kubivanga, kubibumbabumba, kuvyumisha no kubipfunyika. Intambwe yose isaba ko umuntu ayigenzura cane kugira ngo igicuruzwa ca nyuma kibe ciza kandi kibe gifise akamoto keza.
1. Gutegura no gusuzuma ibikoresho vya mbere
Igikoresho nyamukuru c’inkoni z’ikawa ni ibitoke vy’ikawa, uburyo bwavyo bukaba bugira ico bukoze ata guca ku ruhande ku buryohe n’akamoto k’ivyo bikoresho bimaze gukorwa. Ivyo guhingura bitangura no guhitamwo ibitoke vy’ikawa vy’agaciro kanini, cane cane ibitoke vy’ikawa vy’agaciro kanini - gushika ku bitoke vy’umukara -vyokejwe, kugira ngo haboneke uburinganire bw’uburyohe n’umubiri. Ivyo biharage birasuzumwa cane kugira ngo bikuremwo ubuhumane, ibiharage bivunitse be n’ibintu bitari vyiza, hanyuma bikayokwa kugira ngo birushirize kugira akamoto. Urugero rw’ukwotsa (nk’akarorero, umuco, hagati, canke umwijima) rugenwa n’aho igicuruzwa gishizwe. Inkoni z’ikawa zokejwe zitukura-zifise umururumba ukomeye cane n’akamoto k’ikarameli, mu gihe inkoni z’ikawa zokejwe zitukura-zigumya aside nyinshi z’imbuto n’amashurwe.
Vyongeye, kugira ngo umuntu akore inkoni y’ikawa bisaba ko yongerako ibintu biyifatanya (nk’umutobe wa maltose, umutobe w’imboga canke ifu y’amata) kugira ngo ikomeze gukomera neza inyuma yo kuyibumbabumba. Hari ibintu bishobora kubamwo isukari, amata y’ifu canke ibintu bitera uburyohe (nk’ivanila canke isokoroti) kugira ngo bihure n’ivyo abaguzi bakunda.
2. Guvanga no Gusya
Ivyo bihimba vy’ikawa vyasuzumwe biravangwa n’ibindi bintu vy’inyongera hakurikijwe ingene biteguwe hanyuma bikaja mu nzira yo gusya. Ugukora neza kw’ivyo gusya ni ikintu gihambaye cane: iyo gusya cane bizovamwo ukudakura neza no kurekura uburyohe, mu gihe iyo bikomeye cane bishobora gutuma habaho ibisigazwa vyinshi mu gihe co gusya. Mu bisanzwe, inkoni z’ikawa zisegwa ku buryo zigira uburemere buringaniye-kugeza kuri-buto, busa n’ubuto bwa espresso, kugira ngo zishobore gusenyuka ningoga.
Mu gihe c’uguvanga, ikintu gifatanya n’ifu y’ikawa bitegerezwa gukwiragizwa ku rugero rumwe kugira ngo ntibibe bifatanya canke ngo bipfuke bingana. Hari imirongo y’uguhingura ikoresha ibikoresho vy’uguvanga vyihuta cane- canke ubuhinga bwo guvanga n’umuyaga kugira ngo bishobore gushiramwo neza ibirungo.
3. Uburyo bwo kubumbabumba
Hari uburyo bubiri nyamukuru bwo guhingura inkoni z’ikawa: gukanda mu buryo bukonje no gukanda mu buryo bushushe.
1.Cold pressing: Ifu y’ikawa ivanze n’ivyo bifatanya bica mu gitereko bikagira igishushanyo kidahinduka (nk’umurongo muremure canke igice). Ubwo buryo burabereye ku nkoni z’ikawa zitagira ubushuhe-butera ubushuhe kandi burazigama neza uburyohe bw’intango.
2.Hot Pressing: Igifatanya ibintu biryoroshwa n’ugushusha (mu bisanzwe 60-80℃) imbere y’uko gihinguranywa n’umuvuduko munini. Ivyo bituma inkoni y’ikawa ikomeza gukomera, ariko ubushuhe butegerezwa gucungerwa kugira ngo ibintu bimota neza vy’ikawa ntibihinduke.
Inkoni z’ikawa zakozwe zisaba ko zibanza kwumishwa canke gukonjeshwa kugira ngo zibe zihagaze neza kandi ntizimeneke igihe zitwarwa.
4. Kwuma
Ukwumisha ni intambwe ihambaye mu guhingura inkoni z’ikawa, zigamije kugabanya ubukonje, kwagura igihe co kubika, no kumenya ko zishobora gusenyuka ningoga mu gihe co gutegura. Uburyo bwo kwumisha busanzwe ni:
• Ukwumisha n’Umuyaga Ushyuha: Igikoresho co kwumisha mu mugende gizunguruka umuyaga ushushe ku bushuhe bwa degre 60-80 kugira ngo ubukonje buvemwo umwuka. Ubwo buryo burafata igihe kirekire ariko ntibukoresha inguvu nyinshi.
• Vacuum Freeze Drying: Ibereye ku bikoresho vy’agaciro kanini, ubu buryo bukoresha uburyo bwo gukura amazi mu bushuhe buke kugira ngo umuntu agumane uburyohe bwinshi, ariko burazimvye cane.
• Ukwumisha mu Microwave: Bikuraho ubukonje ningoga kandi mu buryo buringaniye, mugabo bisaba ko umuntu abigenzura neza kugira ngo ntihagire ubushuhe burengeje urugero.
Ubukonje buri mu nkoni z’ikawa zumye bugenzurwa cane cane ku rugero rwa 3%-5% kugira ngo zibe zikomeye kandi zibe zikomeye mu kubika.
5. Gupfunyika n'ugusuzuma uburyo
Inyuma y’aho inkoni z’ikawa zimaze kwuma, zitegerezwa gupakirwa kugira ngo ntizigire umwuka w’ikirere, ntizigire ubukonje canke ngo zigire umunuko. Amahitamwo asanzwe yo gupfunyika harimwo:
• Imifuko ikozwe mu bipande vy’aluminium: Izibira umwuka w’ikirere n’umuco, igatuma umuntu amara igihe kirekire.
• Amapaki mato mato y’umuntu ku giti ciwe: Birabereye gutwara no gutegura inzoga imwe-, bikongera ubumenyi bw’ukoresha.
• Ibibindi canke amasandugu: Birabereye gukoreshwa mu rugo canke mu biro; ivyuma vyuma birakenewe.
Birakenewe ko umuntu asuzuma neza uburyo bw’ibintu imbere y’uko abipfunyika, harimwo no kubisuzuma n’amaso (kumenya ko ata n’imwe isaduka canke ko bihinduka), gupima ubukonje, gupima ukuntu bishobora gusenyuka, no gupima uburyohe kugira ngo umuntu amenye neza ko igice cose c’ibintu gihuye n’ingingo mfatirwako z’ibintu.
Uburyo bwo gukora inkoni z’ikawa bujanye n’ugukotsa ikawa, ubuhinga bwo gutegura ibifungurwa be n’ubuhinga bwo gukoresha ibikoresho. Kuva ku guhitamwo ibikoresho vya mbere gushika ku gupfunyika, birakenewe ko umuntu agenzura neza ku ntambwe yose. Uko abaguzi basaba ikawa ibereye, ni ko n’uburyo bwo kuyihingura buguma butera imbere. Mu gihe kizoza, ubuhinga buteye imbere bwo kwumisha n’uguvanga uburyohe birashobora kurushiriza kwongereza uburyo bw’inkoni z’ikawa be n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’isoko.